php.buildEnv: Provide a list of currently enabled extensions

Rework withExtensions / buildEnv to handle currently enabled
extensions better and make them compatible with override. They now
accept a function with the named arguments enabled and all, where
enabled is a list of currently enabled extensions and all is the set
of all extensions. This gives us several nice properties:

 - You always get the right version of the list of currently enabled
   extensions

 - Invocations chain

 - It works well with overridden PHP packages - you always get the
   correct versions of extensions

As a contrived example of what's possible, you can add ImageMagick,
then override the version and disable fpm, then disable cgi, and
lastly remove the zip extension like this:

{ pkgs ? (import <nixpkgs>) {} }:
with pkgs;

let
  phpWithImagick = php74.withExtensions ({ all, enabled }: enabled ++ [ all.imagick ]);

  phpWithImagickWithoutFpm743 = phpWithImagick.override {
    version = "7.4.3";
    sha256 = "wVF7pJV4+y3MZMc6Ptx21PxQfEp6xjmYFYTMfTtMbRQ=";
    fpmSupport = false;
  };

  phpWithImagickWithoutFpmZip743 = phpWithImagickWithoutFpm743.withExtensions (
    { enabled, all }:
      lib.filter (e: e != all.zip) enabled);

  phpWithImagickWithoutFpmZipCgi743 = phpWithImagickWithoutFpmZip743.override {
    cgiSupport = false;
  };
in
  phpWithImagickWithoutFpmZipCgi743