qemu: apply patches for multiple CVEs

Fixes:

  * CVE-2017-2615
  * CVE-2017-5667
  * CVE-2017-5898
  * CVE-2017-5931
  * CVE-2017-5973

We are vulnerable to even more CVEs but those are either not severe like
memory leaks in obscure situations or upstream hasn't acknowledged the
patch yet.

cc #23072