nixos/stage-1: add mechanism which lustrates all impurities from / (#17784)

lustrate /ˈlʌstreɪt/ verb.
  purify by expiatory sacrifice, ceremonial washing, or some other
  ritual action.

- sudo touch /etc/NIXOS_LUSTRATE
  ⇒ on next reboot, during stage 1, everything but /nix and /boot
  is moved to /old-root
- echo "etc/passwd" | sudo tee -a /etc/NIXOS_LUSTRATE
  ⇒ on next reboot, during stage 1, everything but /nix and /boot
  is moved to /old-root; except /etc/passwd is copied back.

Useful for installing NixOS in place on another distro. For instance:

$ nix-env -iE '_: with import <nixpkgs/nixos> { configuration = {}; }; with config.system.build; [ nixos-generate-config manual.manpages ]'
$ sudo mkdir /etc/nixos
$ sudo `which nixos-generate-config`

… edit the configuration files in /etc/nixos using man configuration.nix
  if needed

  maybe add: users.extraUsers.root.initialHashedPassword = "" ?

… Build the entire NixOS system and link it to the system profile:
$ nix-env -p /nix/var/nix/profiles/system -f '<nixpkgs/nixos>' -A system --set

… If you were using a single user install:
$ sudo chown -R 0.0 /nix

… NixOS is about to take over
$ sudo touch /etc/NIXOS
$ sudo touch /etc/NIXOS_LUSTRATE

… Let's keep the configuration files we just created
$ echo etc/nixos | sudo tee -a /etc/NIXOS_LUSTRATE

$ sudo mv -v /boot /boot.bak &&
  sudo /nix/var/nix/profiles/system/bin/switch-to-configuration boot
$ sudo reboot

… NixOS boots, Stage 1 moves all the old distro stuff in /old-root.