GitLab Pages redirects

DETAILS: Tier: Free, Premium, Ultimate Offering: GitLab.com, Self-managed, GitLab Dedicated

In GitLab Pages, you can configure rules to forward one URL to another using Netlify style HTTP redirects.

Not all special options offered by Netlify are supported.

NOTE: The matching behavior test cases are a good resource for understanding how GitLab implements rule matching in detail. Community contributions are welcome for any edge cases that aren't included in this test suite!

Create redirects

To create redirects, create a configuration file named _redirects in the public/ directory of your GitLab Pages site.

• All paths must start with a forward slash /.

• A default status code of 301 is applied if no status code is provided.

• The _redirects file has a file size limit and a maximum number of rules per project, configured at the instance level. Only the first matching rules within the configured maximum are processed. The default file size limit is 64 KB, and the default maximum number of rules is 1,000.

• If your GitLab Pages site uses the default domain name (such as namespace.gitlab.io/project-slug) you must prefix every rule with the path:

  /project-slug/wardrobe.html /project-slug/narnia.html 302

• If your GitLab Pages site uses custom domains, no project path prefix is needed. For example, if your custom domain is example.com, your _redirects file would look like:

  /wardrobe.html /narnia.html 302

Files override redirects

Files take priority over redirects. If a file exists on disk, GitLab Pages serves the file instead of your redirect. For example, if the files hello.html and world.html exist, and the _redirects file contains the following line, the redirect is ignored because hello.html exists:

/project-slug/hello.html /project-slug/world.html 302

GitLab does not support Netlify force option to change this behavior.

HTTP status codes

A default status code of 301 is applied if no status code is provided, but you can explicitly set your own. The following HTTP codes are supported:

• 301: Permanent redirect.
• 302: Temporary redirect.
• 200: Standard response for successful HTTP requests. Pages serves the content in the to rule if it exists, without changing the URL in the address bar.

Redirects

To create a redirect, add a rule that includes a from path, a to path, and an HTTP status code:

# 301 permanent redirect
/old/file.html /new/file.html 301

# 302 temporary redirect
/old/another_file.html /new/another_file.html 302

Rewrites

• Enabled on GitLab.com and self-managed in GitLab 15.2.

Provide a status code of 200 to serve the content of the to path when the request matches the from:

/old/file.html /new/file.html 200

This status code can be used in combination with splat rules to dynamically rewrite the URL.

Domain-level redirects

• Introduced in GitLab 16.8 with a flag named FF_ENABLE_DOMAIN_REDIRECT. Disabled by default.
• Enabled on GitLab.com in GitLab 16.9.

FLAG: On self-managed GitLab, by default this feature is not available. To make it available, an administrator can enable the feature flag named FF_ENABLE_DOMAIN_REDIRECT. On GitLab.com, this feature is available. On GitLab Dedicated, this feature is not available.

To create a domain-level redirect, add a domain-level path (beginning with http:// or https://) to either:

• The to path only.
• The from and to paths.

The supported HTTP status codes are 301 and 302:

# 301 permanent redirect
http://blog.example.com/file_1.html https://www.example.com/blog/file_1.html 301
/file_2.html https://www.example.com/blog/file_2.html 301

# 302 temporary redirect
http://blog.example.com/file_3.html https://www.example.com/blog/file_3.html 302
/file_4.html https://www.example.com/blog/file_4.html 302

Domain-level redirects can be used in combination with splat rules (including splat placeholders) to dynamically rewrite the URL path.

Splats

A rule with an asterisk (*) in its from path, known as a splat, matches anything at the start, middle, or end of the requested path. This example matches anything after /old/ and rewrites it to /new/file.html:

/old/* /new/file.html 200

Splat placeholders

The content matched by a * in a rule's from path can be injected into the to path using the :splat placeholder:

/old/* /new/:splat 200

In this example, a request to /old/file.html serves the contents of /new/file.html with a 200 status code.

If a rule's from path includes multiple splats, the value of the first splat match replaces any :splats in the to path.

Splat matching behavior

Splats are "greedy" and match as many characters as possible:

/old/*/file /new/:splat/file 301

In this example, the rule redirects /old/a/b/c/file to /new/a/b/c/file.

Splats also match empty strings, so the previous rule redirects /old/file to /new/file.

Rewrite all requests to a root index.html

NOTE: If you are using GitLab Pages integration with Let's Encrypt, you must enable it before adding this rule. Otherwise, the redirection breaks the Let's Encrypt integration. For more details, see GitLab Pages issue 649.

Single page applications (SPAs) often perform their own routing using client-side routes. For these applications, it's important that all requests are rewritten to the root index.html so that the routing logic can be handled by the JavaScript application. You can do this with a _redirects rule like:

/* /index.html 200

Placeholders

Use placeholders in rules to match portions of the requested URL and use these matches when rewriting or redirecting to a new URL.

A placeholder is formatted as a : character followed by a string of letters ([a-zA-Z]+) in both the from and to paths:

/news/:year/:month/:date/:slug /blog/:year-:month-:date-:slug 200

This rule instructs Pages to respond to a request for /news/2021/08/12/file.html by serving the content of /blog/2021-08-12-file.html with a 200.

Placeholder matching behavior

Compared to splats, placeholders are more limited in how much content they match. Placeholders match text between forward slashes (/), so use placeholders to match single path segments.

In addition, placeholders do not match empty strings. A rule like the following would not match a request URL like /old/file:

/old/:path /new/:path

Debug redirect rules

If a redirect isn't working as expected, or you want to check your redirect syntax, visit [your pages url]/_redirects. The _redirects file isn't served directly, but your browser displays a numbered list of your redirect rules, and whether the rule is valid or invalid:

11 rules
rule 1: valid
rule 2: valid
rule 3: error: splats are not supported
rule 4: valid
rule 5: error: placeholders are not supported
rule 6: valid
rule 7: error: no domain-level redirects to outside sites
rule 8: error: url path must start with forward slash /
rule 9: error: no domain-level redirects to outside sites
rule 10: valid
rule 11: valid

Differences from Netlify implementation

Most supported _redirects rules behave the same in both GitLab and Netlify. However, there are some minor differences:

• All rule URLs must begin with a slash:

  Netlify does not require URLs to begin with a forward slash:

  # Valid in Netlify, invalid in GitLab
  */path /new/path 200

  GitLab validates that all URLs begin with a forward slash. A valid equivalent of the previous example:

  # Valid in both Netlify and GitLab
  /old/path /new/path 200

• All placeholder values are populated:

  Netlify only populates placeholder values that appear in the to path:

  /old /new/:placeholder

  Given a request to /old:

  • Netlify redirects to /new/:placeholder (with a literal :placeholder).
  • GitLab redirects to /new/.